Abstract
The pursuit of regional integration in Africa emerged shortly after independence, with African states adopting Regional Economic Communities (RECs) as building blocks toward continental unity. This article critically reviews the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) at 40 years, examining its evolution from a drought-focused organisation into a broader regional institution in the Greater Horn of Africa. The article adopts a qualitative research approach based on secondary data, including academic books, peer-reviewed journal articles, policy documents, institutional reports, treaties, and credible online sources. Anchored in the intergovernmentalism model, which prioritises state sovereignty, consensus decision-making,
