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Djibouti

Capital | Djibouti City

Independence | 27 June 1977

Official Languages | French, Arabic

~1.1 million
Population

23,200 km²
Total area

USD 4.2 billion
GDP

USD 3,400
GDP per Capita

Djiboutian Franc (DJF)
Currency

Islam
Main Religion

Membership to Regional Organisations

IGAD, AU, Arab League, COMESA

Regional Significance

Djibouti holds significant regional significance in the Horn of Africa due to its location at the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, one of the world’s most critical maritime chokepoints linking the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden and global shipping routes. It also serves as a major hub for foreign military bases and regional logistics, making it central to international security operations, trade, and strategic competition among global and regional powers in the Horn.

 Key Challenges

  • Autocratic governance — sixth-term president after constitutional amendment removed age limit (2025)
  • Near-complete dependence on port revenues and foreign military basing fees
  • Unresolved territorial dispute with Eritrea (Ras Doumeira region)
  • Extreme food insecurity — imports nearly all food
  • Red Sea instability from Houthi attacks affecting global shipping
  • Financial flows and money laundering from Somaliland and Ethiopia

 Interesting Facts

Djibouti hosts both the only permanent US military base on mainland Africa and China’s first overseas military base in the same city.